# Austronesian etymology and loanwords

**URL:** <https://tw.forumosa.com/t/austronesian-etymology-and-loanwords/198898>\
**Category:** Taiwanese and Hakka Corner\
**Created:** [November 12, 2020, 9:28am UTC](https://tw.forumosa.com/t/austronesian-etymology-and-loanwords/198898 "2020-11-12T09:28:23Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 1\
**Showing post:** 2

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**Author:** ![hansioux](https://forumosa-12829.kxcdn.com/user_avatar/tw.forumosa.com/hansioux/32/253648_2.png) [@hansioux](https://tw.forumosa.com/u/hansioux)\
**Post date:** [May 13, 2021, 4:59am UTC](https://tw.forumosa.com/t/austronesian-etymology-and-loanwords/198898/2 "2021-05-13T04:59:37Z")

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Just saw a word list of reconstructed Proto-Kra-dai, which is a language family that includes Thai.

| Gloss | Proto-Kra–Dai |
| --- | --- |
| blood | \*pɤlaːc |
| bone | \*Kudɤːk |
| ear | \*qɤrɤː |
| eye | \*maTaː |
| hand | \*(C)imɤː |
| nose | \*(ʔ)idaŋ |
| tongue | \*(C)əmaː |
| tooth | \*lipan |
| dog | \*Kamaː |
| fish | \*balaː |
| horn | \*paquː |
| louse | \*KuTuː |
| fire | \*(C)apuj |
| stone | \*KaTiːl |
| star | \*Kadaːw |
| water | \*(C)aNam |
| I (1.SG) | \*akuː |
| Thou (2.SG) | \*isuː; amɤː |
| one | \*(C)itsɤː |
| two | \*saː |
| die | \*maTaːj |
| name | \*(C)adaːn |
| full | \*pətiːk |
| new | \*(C)amaːl |
| ‘thin’ | \*C-báːŋ |
| ‘bone’ | \*Cudə́ːk |
| ‘boat’ | \*Cuɖáː |
| ‘borrow’ | \*C-ɟáːm |
| ‘village’ | \*Cəˀbáːnʔ |
| ‘winnow basket’ | \*Cəˀdóŋʔ |
| ‘to stand’ | \*Cəˀɟún |
| ‘dog’ | \*kʰ[u]máː |
| ‘ditch’ | \*[t]-m̥ˠáːŋ |
| ‘ant’ | \*r-móȶ |
| ‘bear’ | \*kəˀmˠúj |
| ‘thick’ | \*tsəˀnáː |
| ‘cold’ | \*kəˀȵít |
| ‘stupid’ | \*Cəˀŋáːŋh |
| ‘gills’ | \*Cəˀŋˠáːk |
| ‘taro’ | \*pəˀrˠáːk |
| ‘moan’ | \*gəˀráːŋ |
| ‘hungry’ | \*məˀjáːk |
| ‘stupid’ | \*Cəˀwáːʔ |

I mean, most of those are almost exactly the same as Proto-Austronesian…

| Gloss | Proto-Kra–Dai | Proto-Austronesian |
| --- | --- | --- |
| blood | \*pɤlaːc | \*biRaq |
| eye | \*maTaː | \*maCa |
| hand | \*(C)imɤː | \*qa-lima |
| tongue | \*(C)əmaː | \*Sema |
| tooth | \*lipan | \*ŋipen |
| louse | \*KuTuː | \*kuCux |
| fire | \*(C)apuj | \*Sapuy |
| water | \*(C)aNam | \*daNum |
| I (1.SG) | \*akuː | \*aku |
| Thou (2.SG) | \*isuː; amɤː | \*i-kaSu |
| one | \*(C)itsɤː | \*isa |
| two | \*saː | \*duSa |
| die | \*maTaːj | \*ma-aCay |
| ‘borrow’ | \*C-ɟáːm | \*Sezam |
| ‘bear’ | \*kəˀmˠúj | \*Cumay |
| ‘taro’ | \*pəˀrˠáːk | \*biRaq |

So many cognates. Although, the two seem to have split before boat was invented, as it’s \*Cuɖáː in Proto-Kra-Dai and \*qabaŋ in Proto-Austronesian.

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