Why bother learning this kind of stuff? I’ve never heard it used in real life. There is no reason to waste time learning structures that are not used commonly by most people. “我洗澡花了15分鐘” is probably the most normal if you’re only talking about how long it took for you to shower. “…需要15分鐘” is good for the amount of time you need to be able to shower or if you’re telling someone how much time you’ll need in a moment to before you’ll be done showering. Everything else is just dumb shit that people don’t say in real life.
光洗澡就花了我15分鐘 has the meaning of “Just taking a shower alone took me 15 minutes” which cannot be conveyed with 我洗澡花了15分鐘 or 我洗澡需要15分鐘. You also cannot put 光 in front of those constructions to get the “just doing that alone took me a long time” meaning unless you use the 光_____就花了___ sentence structure.
Some other sample sentences from news articles after a quick google search