I find it more unclear than controversial. How are you defining the term “country”? You say Taiwan is not a country, but Tibet is. Is the sole defining criteria that the people within a certain geographical area have attempted to assert their independence?[/quote]
Something like that. What I am trying to get at is that the existence of a country is not something that can be deduced from history or law. It is something willed and asserted, and it lasts as long as it is asserted. We have an island full of Taiwanese people (whatever their ethnic or historical or cultural origins) that is governed by a state called the Republic of China.
In almost any other context, it would be at best a parlor game to determine whether or not this or that population constitutes a “country” or a “nation” or a “state” or whatever category you can think of, but in this situation, it actually is extremely portentous. By saying that, oh, well, you know, tomayto, tomahto, what’s the difference, we ignore the psychological or spiritual burden that it costs the Taiwanese people to live under the Republic of China, within which Taiwan is defined as a province. That’s assuming, of course, that it is a burden. If a Taiwanese sense of nationhood is still in gestation or is otherwise undeveloped, it is probably not that great of a burden, apart from the diplomatic and economic inconveniences, etc. The real test of whether or not Taiwan is a country cannot be law or history or a poll. It is a matter of identity, the possessor of which feels compelled to assert sometimes in spite of him/herself. The existence of a Taiwanese nation can only be proven in the assertion of such by the Taiwanese people. The fact that China has threatened annihilation if the island should declare independence does not remove that burden from Taiwan; it exacerbates it.
The people who object to Taiwan being called a province of China should certainly agree with me about the importance of a name. They are asserting that Taiwan is already a country and that, as I deduce, one day the anomalous designation of “ROC” will be ended with the signature of a pen somewhere, and they are trying to generate enough international momentum towards that end. They take it as a given–again, from what I can gather–that the ROC is outmoded and ridiculous in light of Taiwanese history (a point I am in almost complete agreement with) and that it is just a matter of time before it will be sloughed off like dead skin. That’s not how viable countries generally come into existence. They must be willed into existence. It doesn’t have to be done violently or even in complete, self-possessed awareness, but it has to be done with the expectation that violence will come in response. Take India, for example. There was no Indian nation before the British came, and just because the British ruled it as “India” did not necessarily make it a nation, but it did create a host of conditions that permitted an Indian identity to emerge–although the parameters of that identity have had to be established through a number of bloody war and insurgencies. But, an identity is not enough, either. It has to be willed and asserted. The Indians had to work themselves up to a point where they decided not merely that “this is something worth sacrificing for”, but that “I must sacrifice for this”. And, even today, India’s nationhood still appears to be in gestation in many respects.
Nations do not exist in a world of international law and justice; they create that world. Outside of that realm, things are decided by power–money, violence, calculation, and sentiment. Particularly in a democratic age such as our own and especially in the West, the sentiment cultivated by a people prepared to martyr itself on street pavement is extremely powerful.
Sorry if I am repeating myself, but it seems that many people are substituting a moral judgment (Taiwan is being treated unfairly and should be permitted to decide its own fate) for a factual one (Taiwan is a province of China). Because of this confusion, they expect foreign powers and institutions to “recognize” a Taiwan that the Taiwanese themselves have, according to my own perception and to polls conducted by “blue” outfits, expressed a preference for but that they have not collectively asserted. In other words, the Taiwanese, like much of the West, have not recognized Taiwan, although they appear to be willing to do so. Because China has raised the cost of asserting full-blown Taiwanese nationalism, it has successfully prevented Taiwan from altering its status as a Chinese province, from daring to assert such a national identity–assuming that that is what the Taiwanese really want. Answering a poll and founding a country that must thrive in the kind of Machiavellian world I described above–and if East Asia is not Machiavellian, I don’t know what is–are two different things. To be a country, you must take your destiny in your own hands. The individual American colonies, for example, opted for a degree of independence but not the complete burden of nationhood. No sooner had they declared their independence from one country (Britain) than they decided to join a new one–and according to the Federalist Papers–because existing as a set of independent nations would put them in a Hobbesian world that they worried would weaken them all.
In answer to your last question, I think I can say “yes”, provided assertion is understood to be more than mere assertion of a preference. It’s like all those people who say, this year I’m going to vote for Ralph Nader, until they get into the polling booth, because the reality of that decision is simply too awful to contemplate. The real weight of a preference is measured at the point of action.