Probably not.
When I last tried, I got far enough in to get an error message that specifically said foreign residents couldn’t register.
This was a while back, but I remember finding another avenue to register that involved getting an “Aliens Citizen Digital Certificate” [外籍人士自然人憑證] (http://www.contacttaiwan.tw/main/docdetail.aspx?uid=346&pid=242&docid=84 ) , which also has some other uses - eg online request for entry/exit date certificate: https://www.immigration.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1313716&ctNode=31511&mp=pda02
Have not found the time to apply for one of those, or know anyone who has 