How strictly did your passport photo match the face size requirements?

You can use Photoshop. As long as it looks like it should, noone is going to ask you whether the it was shot on film, DSLR or whatever. If you want you can use the opportunity to let a possible blemish disappear.
For the background any solid coloured sheet/wall/tablecloth etc. is good. Just make sure it has a good contrast to your Hair, Skin and clothes. Preferably you’d wear a solid black t-shirt.

As stated in the other thread, there are photo-services at Costco(?) that offer international settings. Go for the german settings. They are close enough and will save you time and hassle.

YouTube has also a bunch of tutorials: