Internal track for cable

Problem: cable gradually gets tighter and tighter, pulling derailleur inwards, so causing chain rub (external) then losing the shifting to the outer gear cogs. Like it’s is catching on something. First this happened on the rear now that’s fixed but it’s happening in the front derailleur.
I have had the cables changed multiple times, changed both shifters in the last year. It is driving me nuts because I am on the road, changing mechs and without the history they straight away say it’s either the shifter or needs new cable. This doesn’t seem to be the actual problem.

A mech I know in the uk said the ‘internal track’ for the cable is broken… this makes sense. But what does he mean exactly? Does he mean the tiny inlet piece? I replaced this. Is there actually a track for the cable inside the bike?

Probably, how else would they be able to pull through the cable?

Ok