There is no student visa. You go with your school admission letter to the visa office, and you get a resident visa.
After that, you have to get an ARC.
I think you only get the resident visa immediately if you are coming on a scholarship or as an exchange student of some variety. I had to get a visitor visa to study Chinese at NCCU, so it’s not just buxibans like TLI. After four months I was able to apply for a resident visa, and then for an ARC immediately after that.